Main Takeaways

  • There are industries where the prediction of an individual’s behaviour plays a key role (e.g. credit and insurance).
  • There is now an abundance of digital data which can be analysed, uncovering new insights to predict behaviours.
  • Artificial Intelligence is able to analyse these sets of big data in an automated, cheap, and efficient way.
  • Due to these new behavioural insights, there is a lot of room for improvement in these industries.
  • Privacy concerns based on this data remain in a grey area and could pose problems.
  • Hackers and cyber-security firms race to create the most sophisticated AI algorithms.

Artificial Intelligence Basics

There has been an influx of startups entering the credit industry, leveraging AI tech to offer more efficient and personalised offerings. But how exactly does AI work in order to do this? There are many aspects to AI. We’ll cover the 3 basic concepts: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Neural Networks.

Machine Learning (ML)

In the simplest terms, Machine Learning is about teaching computers to learn from data and make intelligent decisions or act based upon what they’ve learnt. This is done by supplying them with a large amount of data, a set goal and indicators on how to achieve that goal. Lets take facial recognition as an example. You could teach a computer to learn what an image of a human face is, by providing large data sets of pictures with and without human faces, then by labelling each picture ‘face’ and ‘no face’, the algorithm will be able to learn what a face looks like. With each trial, it will adapt and improve its strategy for identifying a face. Once it has learnt this, you can give it a new set of pictures so that it can predict whether any contain faces or not. If a mistake is made, a human can intervene and correct it – whereas deep learning is when the computer will correct itself by analysing the predictions against a vast amount of other pictures with faces.

Deep Learning

Deep Learning is applying the skills learnt from ML in order to make improvements on new data sets. Therefore, when the computer is predicting if the picture has a face, it can then reinforce its decision or reduce its uncertainty via Deep Learning. The Deep Learning algorithm performs a task repeatedly, each time tweaking it a little to improve the outcome. It does this by continuously assessing data via layers of artificial Neural Networks that mimic the decision-making processes in our human brains. In effect, the computer is correcting and improving its strategy. Deep Learning requires big data in order to work, a low supply of data will not be sufficient.

Neural Networks

An artificial Neural Network tries to simulate the processes of densely interconnected brain cells. Instead of being built from biology, these neurons, or nodes, are built from code. They are designed to recognise patterns, this is done via three basic layers in the Neural Network; input, hidden and output (there can also be multiple layers for each). Each of these layers contains thousands or millions of nodes. The patterns that are recognised from the data are numerical. All bits of data – whether it is sound, image, text or time related – are converted into numerical vectors so that the algorithm can read it. Neural Networks cluster and classify the inputted data as they spot these numerical correlations. By grouping unlabelled data based upon similarities which human analytics may not have considered, new insights can be uncovered.

Credit Industry

The typical way in which the credit industry issues loans is via credit scores. Credit reference agencies gather information such as your repayment history, bills, mortgage and address. Then based on this info, you’re given a credit score. This is the score which banks and credit providers base their decision making on. However, this doesn’t show the whole picture of an individual. Furthermore, human bias can play a role in this process.

AI Potential in Credit Industry

AI credit scoring is cheaper, faster and more accurate than traditional methods as it is automated, based on a larger pool of data and has rules that are more sophisticated and complex. Furthermore, it is not subject to human bias* as all analyses are carried out by a computer based on inputted data. As AI can interpret unstructured data (text, audio, image, video, location ect), this increases and diversifies the variety of data that can be used to determine how credit-worthy someone is. But how is this achieved?

*Machine learning bias is a hot-topic issue in many industries. Machines assess reality and adjust their behaviours based on predictions from past experiences. In this respect, there is a thin line between “bias” and “intelligence”.

As previously explained, AI technology is programmed to uncover patterns. For example, profiles with the same traditional credit score plus a similar behaviour in internet activity, social media or eCommerce transactions, could be clustered together. If a negative behaviour pattern is recognised with their repayments, then this precise digital footprint and traditional credit score combination could be considered as a negative influence for future applications. Whereas the traditional system would not be able to consider this risk factor as it only looks at the credit score. This is especially useful for people who don’t have much credit history, yet have a digital footprint. Their unstructured data could be correlated with patterns of positive repayment behaviours, meaning that their chances of receiving credit would be higher.

Fraud

As AI technology is specialised in labelling data and finding patterns, anomalies are also easily detected. When it comes to the credit industry, anomalies mean fraudulent behaviour. Furthermore, due to AI’s advanced technology, predictive analytics can be leveraged to prevent fraud from happening in the first place. Such an abundance of data is created meaning that AI technology is able to extract these insights. Whereas a human taskforce wouldn’t have the ‘processing power’, or time for such large analyses.

One worrying factor to consider is the exponential growth in cyber-attacks. It has been reported that hackers are also using AI algorithms in their cyber-crimes… This is where we come to a standpoint, fighting fire with fire. If more attention isn’t payed into cyber-security, then the credit industry’s sensitive info could be left vulnerable.

AI Startups in the Credit Industry

Upstart

Upstart has a founding team of ex-Googlers. They leverage AI and Machine learning to obtain Credit scores based on additional variables. For students they base their analysis upon their future potential, instead of just their past. They consider factors such as education, employment and income when approving loans. You don’t need to have any credit history, however, a minimum wage of $12k and a low credit score of at least 620 is required. It could be argued that an analysis team could sift through this data, meaning the AI tech wouldn’t be needed. On the other hand, it is more time and cost efficient to automate the process, plus more accurate.

Lenddo

One startup aggressively using advanced machine learning to comb through vast sources of alternative data to predict an individual’s creditworthiness is Lenddo. Lenddo’s mission is to improve financial inclusion. They do this with LenddoScore, which is a patented scoring method which combines traditional underwriting with additional unstructured data. Lenddo claims that their system has allowed their partners to approve up to 50 percent more applications.

Lenddo does an analysis on a potential applicants’ digital footprint via their smartphone. They claim to have over 12,000 variables. Lenddo leverages big data via: social networks, browser histories, E-commerce transactions, geolocation data and other smartphone info. The AI algorithm crunches this data and churns out predictive features, producing a credit score as the final product.

Lenddo state that they do not share personal data with lenders. They only share the final result (credit score) of their analysis to protect individuals’ privacy. Furthermore, personal data is only taken with the users’ consent.